“The AI model clearly separated women into meaningful risk groups. In women labeled high risk, about six in 100 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in the following five years; for those labeled intermediate risk, about three in 100 were diagnosed; and for those labeled average risk, only one in 100 were diagnosed with breast cancer,” Lehman said. “These results show that AI risk was a much stronger predictor than density. By contrast, density alone showed only a small difference: For women with dense breast tissue, slightly more than three per 100 were diagnosed with breast cancer, and for women without dense breast tissue, slightly fewer than three per 100 were diagnosed with breast cancer within the five years following the mammogram.”
Marjola Thanaj, Ph.D., of the University of Westminster Research Centre for Optimal Health in London, and colleagues found that the shape of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscles carries important information about metabolic health.
The researchers evaluated three-dimensional MRI data from more than 60,000 U.K. Biobank participants and found that GM muscle size and shape vary with age, physical activity, frailty, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and that muscle shape — not just size — reveals regional structural changes such as focal thinning or outward bulging that reflect early metabolic dysfunction.
The investigators also observed sex-specific differences. Specifically, men with T2D showed localized thinning, likely reflecting muscle atrophy. In addition, women with T2D showed local outward deformation, most likely due to fat infiltration. Individuals with larger GM muscles at baseline had a significantly lower risk for developing T2D in the future, independent of body mass index and lifestyle factors.
“Overall, we demonstrated that the gluteus maximus is a highly sensitive indicator of whole-body metabolic health,” Thanaj said. “The key conclusion is that GM muscle shape is a marker of metabolic health, revealing early structural changes that differ between men and women. These structural signatures, detectable before global muscle loss or fat accumulation, may help identify those at elevated risk for metabolic disease.”
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FRIDAY, Dec. 5, 2025 (HealthDay News) — Long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with more advanced coronary artery disease, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, held from Nov. 30 to Dec. 4 in Chicago.
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